Ship Guy Mannering
I, W^m B Ostrow, do solemnly, sincerely and truly Swear that the following List or Manifest of Passengers, subscribed with my name, and now delivered by me to the Collector of Customs for the District of New York, contains, to the best of my knowledge and belief a just and true account of all the Passengers received on board the Ship Guy Mannering whereof I am Master, from Liverpool.
So help me God. (Signed) W^m B Ostrow
Sworn to this 3 March 1851 Before me (signature illegible)
List or Manifest OF ALL THE PASSENGERS taken on board the Ship Guy Mannering whereof W^m B Ostrow is Master, from Liverpool burthen 1418 79/95 tons.
Columns represent: Name, Age, Sex, Occupation, The country to which they severally belong, The country to which they intend to become inhabitants, Died on the Voyage.
1 Robert Mitchell 30y M Labourer Scotland United States
2 W^m Brown 22y M Labourer Ireland United States
3 John J Bill 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
4 Elizabeth Clendening 27y F Servant Ireland United States
5 Elizabeth Clendening 0y 2m F -- Ireland United States
6 Mich^l Batter 50y M Carpenter Ireland United States
7 Ellen Batter 50y F Carpenter Ireland United States
8 Annie Batter 11y F Carpenter Ireland United States
9 Mich^l Batter 6y M Carpenter Ireland United States
10 John Batter 4y M Carpenter Ireland United States
11 Mary Batter 3y F Carpenter Ireland United States
12 Henry Batter 0y 4m M Carpenter Ireland United States
13 James Ferris 30y M Carpenter Ireland United States
14 Mary Ferris 21y F -- Ireland United States
15 Jane Ferris 0y 8m F -- Ireland United States
16 Catherine Easly 19y F Servant Ireland United States
17 George Sinnett 35y M Labourer Ireland United States
18* ????? Sinnett 28y F Servant Ireland United States
19 Richard Sinnett 3y M -- Ireland United States
20 William Sinnett 0y 8m M -- Ireland United States
21 Patrick Powers 27y M Labourer Ireland United States
22 Edmond Cower 22y M Labourer Ireland United States
23 Mich^l Kelly 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
24 Mrs Hughes 30y F Ireland United States
25 James Hughes 30y M Mechanic Ireland United States
26 Christopher Hughes 8y M Ireland United States
27 Thomas Hughes 5y M Ireland United States
28 John Hughes 2y 6m M Ireland United States
29 Patrick Hughes 7y M Ireland United States
30 Mary Hughes 0y 7m F Ireland United States Died on the 16th Feby
31 Margt. Hughes 0y 7m F Ireland United States
32 John Hughes 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
33 Darby Hughes 16y M Labourer Ireland United States
34 Peter Finegan 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
35 Annie Johnson 28y F Servant Ireland United States
36 Bridget Mackeray 30y F Tailoress Ireland United States
37 Richard Dent 22y M Labourer England Canada
38 Ellen Dent 20y F Labourer England Canada
39 Joseph Dent 0y 11m M Labourer England Canada Died on the February 14th
40 John Dent 28y M Labourer England Canada
41 Sarah Dent 28y F Labourer England Canada
42 William Dent 28y M Labourers England Canada
43 Jane Dent 2y F Labourers England Canada
44 Sarah Knight 50y F Labourers England Canada Died on the 3^rd Jany '51
45 Thomas Taylor 30y 0m M Weavers England United States
46 Mrs Taylor 30y F Weavers England United States
47 Sarah Taylor 4y F Weavers England United States
48 Thomas Taylor 2y M Weavers England United States
49 Michl Madden 35y M Labourer Ireland United States
50 Bridget Madden 30y F Labourer Ireland United States
51 Mich^l Madden 7y 0m M Labourer Ireland United States
52 Thomas Madden 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
53 Cathine Fitzsimmons 26y F Servant Ireland United States
54 Mary Wilcock 20y F Servant Ireland United States
55 Nicholas Nevelle 46y M Labourer Ireland United States
56 Thomas Nevelle 11y M Labourer Ireland United States
57 Richard Nevelle 9y M Labourer Ireland United States
58 Cathrine Manison 22y F Servant Ireland United States
59 Cathrine Lally 50y F Servant Ireland United States
60 John Berigan 22y M Labourer Ireland United States
61 John Hertz 32y M Shopkeeper Prussia United States
62 Robert Pistler 30y M Clerk Prussia United States
63 Wilhelm Pistler 40y M Mason Prussia United States
64 Mrs Sutcliff 24y F Lady Ireland United States
65 Barry Byrne 20y F Lady Ireland United States
66 Jane Johan 26y F Servant Ireland United States
67 Michel Flynn 22y M Labourer Ireland United States
68 Anne Flynn 23y F Servant Ireland United States
69 Thomas Flynn 0y 8m M Ireland United States
70 Margaret Murry 16y F Servant Ireland United States
71 Margrett Hynis 26y F Servant Ireland United States
72 Martin Graham 35y M Carpenter Ireland United States
73 Stewart McGuiness 26y M Labourer Ireland United States
74 W^m McGuiness 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
75 Laurence Crofain 26y M Labourer Ireland United States
76 Bridget Crofain 21y F Labourer Ireland United States
77 William Mulvaney 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
78 Julia Delaney 28y F Labourer Ireland United States
79 Oney Manghan 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
80 David Sinley 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
81 Oney Saunders 4y M Labourer Ireland United States
82 Dennis Quinn 22y M Farrier Ireland United States
83 Mich^l Malone 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
84 John Eagan 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
85 Thos White 22y M Labourer Ireland United States
86 Martin Delaney 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
87 Abn. Robinson 39y M Wheelwright England Canada
88 Patrick Cughlan 25y M Labourer Ireland United States
89 Andrew Lawless 16y M Labourer Ireland United States
90 Mary Dugan 20y F Servant Ireland United States
91 John Denitt 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
92 James Ryder 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
93 Michel Mitchel 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
94 William Connor 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
95 Mary Gordon 21y F Labourer Ireland United States
96 Mary Golligher 19y F Servant Ireland United States
97 Honora Mitchel 30y F Servant Ireland United States
98 Lewis Martin 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
99 Bess Flannagan 24y F Servant Ireland United States
100 Julia Flannagan 24y F Servant Ireland United States
101 John Flannagan 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
102 William Murry 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
103 Peter Coneroy 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
104* Thomas Leonardo 21y F Carpenter Ireland United States
105 Cath Leonardo 23y F Servant Ireland United States
106 Mich^l Purcell 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
107 John Purcell 13y M Labourer Ireland United States
108* ?? Heffernam 18y F Labourer Ireland United States
109 William McGrath 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
110 Thomas Farrell 28y M Labourer Ireland United States
111 John Doyle 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
112 John Gilinor 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
113 Cha^s Doran 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
114* Bridget Lo?ney 18y F Labourer Ireland United States
115 Bridget Devan 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
116 Timothy Byrne 20y M Blacksmith Ireland United States
117 Mary Byrne 24y F Ireland United States
118 Thomas Farrell 15y M Labourer Ireland United States
119 Bridget Nowlan 20y F Servant Ireland United States
120 Jno Walsh 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
121 Arthur Hunt 22y M Labourer Ireland United States
122 William Hogg 28y M Carpenter England United States
123 Mrs. Hogg 27y F England United States
124 Maria McCrea 30y F Servant England United States
125 Patt Loisty 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
126 James Collins 19y M Labourer Ireland United States
127 Robt. Briand 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
128 Edward Briand 19y M Labourer Ireland United States
129* John Muldown 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
130 Biddy Muldown 24y F Servant Ireland United States
131 Mary Gardener 41y F Servant Ireland United States
132 Bess Gardener 16y F Servant Ireland United States
133 Ellen Gardener 1y F Servant Ireland United States
134 Mary Flannegan 20y F Servant Ireland United States
135 Biddy Flannegan 18y F Servant Ireland United States
136 Sarah Drasser 22y F Servant Ireland United States
137 Mrs. Mulligan 30y F Servant Ireland United States
138 Margt. Mulligan 3y F Servant Ireland United States
139* Ellen Muldown 20y M Servant Ireland United States
140* James Crook 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
141* Eliza Crook 17y F Servant Ireland United States
142 John Loyd 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
143 Bridget Connolly 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
144 Mich^l Barratt 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
145 Ann Martin 40y F Servant Ireland United States
146 Mary Lee 30y F Servant Ireland United States
147 Mary Caffrey 21y F Servant Ireland United States
148 Mich^l Condon 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
149 James Condon 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
150 M. T. Atkins 35y M Digger England United States
151 T Skelton 38y M Digger England United States
152 Patt O'Dunaghue 68y M Labourer Ireland United States
153 Thomas O'Dunaghue 25y M Labourer Ireland United States
154 Margrett Whelan 21y F Servant Ireland United States
155 Mich^l Jordon 19y M Labourer Ireland United States
156 Jno O'Neil 29y M Engineer Ireland United States
157 Wm Renolds 35y M Tradesman England United States
158 Cornelius Renolds 29y M Tradesman England United States
159 Patt Byrne 16y M Labourer Ireland United States
160 Biddy Byrne 12y F Servant Ireland United States
161 George Wallice 32y M Labourer Ireland United States
162 Cath Cassidy 18y F Servant Ireland United States
163 Sam^l Mathews 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
164 Richard Hankin 45y M Mechanic England United States
165 John Hankin 20y M Mechanic England United States
166 Margrett Power 20y F Servant Ireland United States
167 Hugh Shurock 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
168 James Christy 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
169 Mary Mooney 17y F Servant Ireland United States
170 Ann Mooney 18y F Servant Ireland United States
171 Ann Doland 19y F Servant Ireland United States
172* Oney Reeley 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
173* Patt O'Donnell 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
174 Nell McCrea 21y F Labourer Ireland United States
175 John James 29y M Book Binder Ireland United States
176 Mrs. James 26y F Ireland United States
177 George James 25y M Shoemaker England United States
178 Thomas Baker 42y M Labourer England United States
179 John Hughes 28y M Clerk Ireland United States
180 Mrs. Hughes 26y F Ireland United States
181 Wm Harrison 30y M Agent England United States
182 Mich^l Neale 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
183 Ann Neale 19y F -- Ireland United States
184 Nicholas Savage 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
185 Joseph Cheny 28y M Labourer Ireland United States
186* Mrs Cheny 28y M Labourer Ireland United States
187* Mary Cheny * * -- Ireland United States
188* James Mangan 23y 5m M Labourer Ireland United States
189 Sam^l Smith 45y M Labourer Ireland United States
190 David Smith 18y M Blacksmith Ireland United States
191 John Eccles 26y M Labourer Ireland United States
192* A. McVain 28y M Groc??? America United States
193 James Smith 24y M Mechanic Ireland United States
194 Mrs Smith 23y F Furrier Ireland United States
195 Oscar Bolzenthal 20y M Tanner Prussia United States
196 Herman Bohricht 13y M Farmer Prussia United States
197 Henrich Botgotter 40y M Farmer Prussia United States
198 August Chullor 40y M Confectioner Prussia United States
199 Patt Maypower 17y M Grocer Ireland United States
200 Henry Wright 26y M Labourer Ireland United States
201 Jno Wright 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
202 John Higgins 30y M Blacksmith America United States
203 M. McConnell 24y M Clerk England United States
204 Marg Cumes 60y F dressmaker Ireland United States
205 Fanny Cumes 20y F dressmaker Ireland United States
206 John Coulley 42y M Mechanic England United States
207 Edwin Coulley 17y M Mechanic England United States
208 Alfred Coulley 15y M Mechanic England United States
209 Mathew Coulley 23y M Mechanic England United States
210 Peter Cleary 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
211 Wm Fields 26y M Labourer Ireland United States
212 Ellen Holahan 20y F Servant Ireland United States
213 Luke Ellis 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
214 Jno Higgins 30y M Ireland United States
215 Mrs Ellen Jane 30y F Ireland United States
216 James Jane 3y M Mechanic Ireland United States
217 George Jane 0y 3m M Ireland United States
218 Mary Kuninam 10y F Ireland United States
219 Samuel Ranson 21y M Mechanic Ireland United States
220 Mr Patt Carrolton 29y M Clerk Ireland United States
221 Mrs Patt Carrolton 22y F Ireland United States
222 Peter Donnelly 17y M Labourer Ireland United States
223 Hugh Comolly 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
224 Ann Comolly 16y F Labourer Ireland United States
225 Bridget Lannon 13y F Labourer Ireland United States
226 Ann Lannon 13y F Servant Ireland United States
227 Mary Eagan 17y F Servant Ireland United States
228 James Moore 19y M Labourer Ireland United States
229 Patt Rynolds 50y M Labourer Ireland United States
230 Bridget Rynolds 40y F Servant Ireland United States
231 John Rynolds 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
232 Ann Rynolds 14y F Servant Ireland United States
233 Mick Rynolds 5y M -- Ireland United States
234 Eliza Rynolds 4y F -- Ireland United States
235 James Cunan 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
236 Samu^el McGrath 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
237 Frances Cull 22y F Labourer Ireland United States
238 Bridget McCull 21y F Labourer Ireland United States
239 Cornelius Donehue 40y M Labourer Ireland United States
240 Marg Donehue 40y F Labourer Ireland United States
241 Ellen Donehue 16y F Labourer Ireland United States
242 Corn^s Donehue 13y M Labourer Ireland United States
243 Bridget Donehue 12y F Labourer Ireland United States
244 Mary Donehue 10y F Labourer Ireland United States
245 Cath Donehue 7y F Labourer Ireland United States
246 Julia Donehue 4y F Labourer Ireland United States
247 John Crimmine 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
248 Sam^l Lahenes 25y M Labourer Ireland United States
249 Johanna Donehue 0y 4m F Ireland United States
250 Mrs Lehens 22y F Labourer Ireland United States
251 Marg. Lehens 32y F Labourer Ireland United States
252 Mary Lehens 14y F Labourer Ireland United States
253 Thomas Lawlor 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
254 Jno Ryan 17y M Labourer Ireland United States
255* Wm Br??t 28y M Labourer Ireland United States
256* Mrs Ann Br??t 26y F Labourer Ireland United States
257 Thomas Somus 32y M Tailor Ireland United States
258 Isabella Somus 30y F Tailor Ireland United States
259 Mary Ann Somus 11y F Tailor Ireland United States
260 James Somus 7y M Tailor Ireland United States
261* ?eharde Edwards 30y M Tailor Ireland United States
262 Mr Mayer 40y M Clerk Prussia United States
263 Mary Cooloham 50y F Servant Ireland United States
264 Mary Cooloham 19y F Servant Ireland United States
265 Patt Cormick 58y M Labourer Ireland United States
266 Mary Cormick 58y F Labourer Ireland United States
267 Patt Cormick 15y M Labourer Ireland United States
268 Julia Cormick 9y F Labourer Ireland United States
269 James Cormick 7y M Labourer Ireland United States
270 Thomas Cormick 5y M Labourer Ireland United States
271 Cath Ryly 28y F Labourer Ireland United States
272 Phillip Ryley 8y M Ireland United States
273 Ellen Ryley 4y F Ireland United States
274 Mary Reegan 26y F Servant Ireland United States
275 Ann Pott 23y F Servant Ireland United States
276 Maria Carlin 40y F Servant Ireland United States
277 Cathrine Carlin 11y F Servant Ireland United States
278 Mary Carlin 9y F Servant Ireland United States
279 Eliz Carlin 7y F Servant Ireland United States
280 Luisa Carlin 5y F Servant Ireland United States
281 Ann Carlin 3y F Servant Ireland United States
282 Ann McCue 17y F Servant Ireland United States
283 Rose Eagan 30y F Servant Ireland United States
284 James McCue 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
285* Margtt Kelly 1?y F Servant Ireland United States
286* Mary Sale ??y F Servant Ireland United States
287 Robt. Hattery 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
288 Thomas Hattery 32y M Labourer Ireland United States
289 John Hattery 4y M Labourer Ireland United States
290 Maria Cannaham 20y F Ireland United States
291 James Eagan 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
292 Patt Daily 32y M Farmers Ireland United States
293 Mrs Daily 45y F Farmers Ireland United States
294 Cath Daily 19y F Farmers Ireland United States
295 Laurence Daily 17y M Farmers Ireland United States
296 Patt Daily 14y M Farmers Ireland United States
297 Eliza Daily 11y F Farmers Ireland United States
298 James Daily 9y M Farmers Ireland United States
299 John Daily 7y M Farmers Ireland United States
300 Mary Daily 5y F Farmers Ireland United States
301 Joseph Daily 3y M Farmers Ireland United States
302 Cath Hennessy 14y F Farmers Ireland United States
303 Mich^l Craven 12y M Farmers Ireland United States
304 Mary Winne 45y F Labourer Ireland United States
305 William Hannah 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
306 Mary Hannah 26y F Servant Ireland United States
307 Nelly Fully 15y F Servant Ireland United States
308 Joan Cavanah 32y F Servant Ireland United States
309 Ellen Brian 32y F Servant Ireland United States
310 George Reenan 21y M Labourer Ireland United States
311 Dennis Reenan 27y M Labourer Ireland United States
312* Timi?n Conlan 25y M Labourer Ireland United States
313 Daniel McGuire 24y M Mason Ireland United States
314 Thomas Collins 55y M Labourer Ireland United States
315 Thomas Collins 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
316 Margt Collins 15y F Labourer Ireland United States
317 Mich^l Resham 23y M Labourer Ireland United States
318 William Reier 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
319 Mary Reier 28y F Labourer Ireland United States
320 Dolly Reier 22y F Labourer Ireland United States
321 Margt. Reier 3y F Labourer Ireland United States
322 Thomas McCann 44y M Labourer Ireland United States
323 Mary McCann 40y F Labourer Ireland United States
324 John McCann 16y M Labourer Ireland United States
325 Bridget McCann 14y F Labourer Ireland United States
326 Laurence McCann 5y M Labourer Ireland United States
327 Thomas McCann 2y M Labourer Ireland United States
328 Jno Bramrey 25y M Labourer Ireland United States
329 Thomas Morris 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
330 John Doyle 53y M Labourer Ireland United States
331 John Doyle 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
332 Ann Whitehan 18y F Labourer Ireland United States
333 Sarah Whitehan 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
334 Mary McKeown 18y F Labourer Ireland United States
335 Cath McKeown 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
336 Bridget Walsh 50y F Labourer Ireland United States
337 Thomas Costillo 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
338 John Costillo 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
339 James Connell 18y M Labourer Ireland United States
340 James McLaughten 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
341* Marg McLaughten 5y M Labourer Ireland United States
342 Patt Crawford 38y M Labourer Ireland United States
343 Cath Crawford 30y F Labourer Ireland United States
344 Martin Brennan 38y M Labourer Ireland United States
345 Jno Connor 39y M Labourer Ireland United States
346 John Quinn 30y M Labourer Ireland United States
347 Honora Needham 65y F Servant Ireland United States
348 Honora Hanely 35y F Servant Ireland United States
349 Mich Hanely 12y M Servant Ireland United States
350 Biddy Trimble 12y F Servant Ireland United States
351 Malachi Holoman 40y M Labourer Ireland United States
352 George Fletcher 24y M Labourer England United States
353 Sarah Fletcher 20y F Labourer England United States
354 Mich Kelly 34y M Labourer Ireland United States
355 Jno Milly 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
356 Luke Flynn 24y M Labourer Ireland United States
357* Bena^rd Flynn 15y M Labourer Ireland United States
358 Peggy Flynn 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
359 Betty Flynn 56y F Labourer Ireland United States
360 Honora Daily 20y F Labourer Ireland United States
361 Mary Lyons 12y F Servant Ireland United States
362 Cath. Lyons 10y F Servant Ireland United States
363* William Brophy 21y ? Labourer Ireland United States
364 Cath. Brophy 50y F Labourer Ireland United States
365 James Kelly 16y M Labourer Ireland United States
366 Dennis Lannon 16y M Labourer Ireland United States
367 Thomas Canby 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
368 Michl Monagan 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
369* Patt M?nkle 20y M Labourer Ireland United States
370 Ned Kilkelly 25y M Labourer Ireland United States
Transcriber's Notes:
* An asterisk indicates an error on the part of the original recorder, not the transcriber,
or is used to call your attention to additional information in the Transcriber's Notes below.
? The use of a ? indicates a word or letters that could not be read due to quality of the original
document.
^ The use of a ^ indicates that the letter/letters following are superscripted.
The transcription preserves the original spelling.
All ditto marks on the original manifest have been replaced with the actual words indicated.
The manifest scribe used a Germanic/Old English letter resembling 'fs'; to aid in reading, these have been
transcribed to ss.
The manifest scribe did not assign a psgr# to children under 1 yr of age; these psgrs have been assigned a
psgr # by the transcriber and subsequent psgrs renumbered.
Misspelled words are recreated as written on the manifest.
Other than psgr # 757, the babies born on this voyage were not identified.
18 First name not clear, could be Elizbth.
104 Based on first name, Sex is male.
108 First name overwritten, could be Eliza.
114 3rd letter of surname not clear, could be Lomney or Lonsney.
129 Based on first name, Sex is male.
139 Based on first name, Sex is female.
140 Based on first name, Sex is male.
141 Sex was originally entered as male.
172 Based on first name, Sex is male.
173 Based on first name, Sex is female.
186 Based on first name, Sex is female.
187 Age and Sex omitted; psgr information written in between the lines for psgr 186 and 188 (no psgr #
assigned).
188 The "5 mo" portion of the age probably refers to psgr #187.
192 Ending of Occupation illegible because of ink blot.
255-256 3rd and 4th letters of surname not clear, could be Breelt, Breett, Brult, or Breelt.
261 First letter of first name overwritten, not clear, could be Deharde.
285 2nd number of Age not clear, could be 17y or 19y.
286 Numbers of Age not clear, could be 3y or 13y.
312 5th letter of surname illegible, extends below the line.
341 Based on first name, Sex is female.
357 First name is probably Bernard.
363 Sex was entered as "Labourer"; based on first name, Sex is male.
369 2nd letter of surname illegible.
National Archives and Records Administration, Film M237, Roll 96, List 178.
Transcribed by Judy Caine a member of the
Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild
5 February 2005
The new ISTG logo was created by Patty McCormack, 2007.
The Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild logo, which is still used in part on this site,
was designed and contributed by Pat Walker and Sheila Tate.
The logo and other genealogical graphics are available on tee shirts, mousepads and tote bags from: AncesTees.
ISTG does not profit in any way from the sale of these items.
Copyrights, Trade Marks, & Registered Trade Marks within this web site are protected under international copyright law.All rights reserved by the respective holders of any ™ © ® included within this site. 1998-2008
ISTG NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in whole or part in any format for presentation, distribution or profit by anyone without the express written consent of the Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild. Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild is independently owned.