Ship Bremerhaven
I, Carl Hilken Master of the Brem Ship "Bremerhaven" do solemnly, sincerely and truly swear that the following List or Manifest, subscribed by me, and now delivered by me to the Collector of the Customs of the Collection District of New York, is a full and perfect list of all the passengers taken on board of the said ship at Bremen from which port said ship has now arrived; and that on said list is truly designated the age, the sex, and the occupation of each of said passengers, the part of the vessel occupied by each during the passage, the country to which each belongs, and also the country of which it is intended by each to become an inhabitant; and that said List or Manifest truly sets forth the number of said passengers who have died on said voyage, and the names and ages of those who died.
Sworn to this 30 July 1863 So help me God, C Hilken
Before me (port authority signature illegible)
List or Manifest of all the Passengers taken on board the Brem ship "Bremerhaven" whereof C Hilken is Master, from Bremen burthen 522 tons.
Columns represent passenger name, age, gender, occupaation, origin and destination. The list has been renumbered for the website.
I Cabin:
1 Eduard Stein 30 m farmer Prussia New-York
2 Gustav Wihl 32 m merchant Prussia New-York
3 Carl Schmidt 18 m merchant Prussia New-York
Steerage:
4* Christian Follmer 44 m labourer Prussia Ohio
5* Martha Follmer 37 f Prussia Ohio
6* Lucia Follmer 18 f Prussia Ohio
7* Christoph Follmer 7 m Prussia Ohio
8* Peter Follmer 6 m Prussia Ohio
9 Franz Goldstaedt 43 m labourer Prussia Ohio
10* Aron Tannhauser 43 m merchant France New-York
11* Elise Tannhauser 23 f France New-York
12* S?. Kahn 73 m France New-York
13* Henri Tannhauser 5 m France New-York
14* Fanny Tannhauser 3 f France New-York
15* Marie Tannhauser 8m f France New-York
16* Lorenz Gopfert 35 m farmer Saxony-Meining. New-York
17 Julius Osterloh 21 m merchant Prussia Ohio
18* Joh. Drescher 27 m farmer Prussia New-York
19 Bertha Jung 24 f servant maid Hannover New-York
20 Julius Laufs 18 m Forester Prussia New-York
21 Gottfried Ackermann 35 m Locksmith Prussia Baltimore
22 Joseph Biliwerk 59 m Apothekary Austria Baltimore
23 Edmund Biliwerk 25 m merchant Austria Baltimore
24 Peter Ochs 53 m carpenter Prussia Illinois
25 Elise Ochs 52 f Prussia Illinois
26 Nicolaus Hechler 27 m carpenter Prussia Illinois
27 Catharina Hechler 27 f Prussia Illinois
28 Johann Hechler 5 m Prussia Illinois
29* H^ch Menkenleerhof 58 m labourer Prussia New-York
30 Magaretha Menkenleerhof 58 f Prussia New-York
31 Johanna Menkenleerhof 35 f Prussia New-York
32 Lambert Hollwottel 26 m joiner Prussia New-York
33 Martin Pioske 56 m labourer Prussia Minnesota
34 Martin Pioske 16 m labourer Prussia Minnesota
35 Carl Albert Pioske 14 m Prussia Minnesota
36 Friedrich Rosebrock 24 m labourer Hannover Indiana
37 Friedericke Rosebrock 18 f servant maid Hannover Indiana
38 Anna Rosebrock 15 f servant maid Hannover Indiana
39 Justus Martin 32 m carpenter Electoretz Hessen Ohio
40 Cath. Elisabeth Martin 36 f Electoretz Hessen Ohio
41 Johann Martin 7 m Electoretz Hessen Ohio
42 Adam Martin 6 m Electoretz Hessen Ohio
43 Heinrich Martin 5 m Electoretz Hessen Ohio
44 Jacob Martin 3 m Electoretz Hessen Ohio
45 Elise Martin 9m f Electoretz Hessen Ohio
46 Elisabeth Becker 20 f serv. maid Electoretz Hessen Philadelphia
47 Heinrich Becker 17 m tailor Electoretz Hessen Philadelphia
48 Friedrich Pioske 43 m labourer Prussia Minnesota
49 Wilhelmine Pioske 25 f Prussia Minnesota
50 August Pioske 5 m Prussia Minnesota
51 Wilhelmine Pioske 4m f Prussia Minnesota
52 Wilhelm Leege 26 m shepherd Prussia Michigan
53 Joh. Conrad Suchier 18 m merchant Elect. Hessen New-York
54 Michael Reinschmidt 36 m farmer G. D. Baden Philadelphia
55 Louise Catharina Reinschmidt 29 f G. D. Baden Philadelphia
56 August Wilhelm Reinschmidt 5 m G. D. Baden Philadelphia
57 Elisabeth Reinschmidt 10m f G. D. Baden Philadelphia
58* Ferdinand Mohrke 34 m labourer Prussia Michigan
59* Friederike Mohrke 27 f Prussia Michigan
60* August Mohrke 10m m Prussia Michigan
61 Christian Masch 54 m shepherd Prussia Michigan
62 Friederike Masch 51 f Prussia Michigan
63 Friederike Masch 20 f Prussia Michigan
64 August Bleise 17 m labourer Prussia New-York
65 Andreas Thamm 21 m labourer Prussia New-York
66 Wilhelm Lintke 34 m labourer Prussia Michigan
67 Wilhelmine Lintke 36 f Prussia Michigan
68 Albertine Scharlau 35 f serv. maid Prussia Illinois
69 Anna Martha Schmidt 30 f serv. maid Elect. Hessen New-York
70 Johann Schmidt 7 m Elect. Hessen New-York
71 Anna Martha Schmidt 4 f Elect. Hessen New-York
72 Jacob Bauer 38 m farmer G. D. Hessen Missouri
73 Peter Weisel 26 m loxsmith Prussia New-York
74 Wilhelm Steuernagel 21 m butcher Elect. Hessen New-York
75 Luise Schmidt 22 f serv maid Elect. Hessen New-York
76* Joseph Lauberlich 21 m farmer Baden Boston
77 Franz Ant. Vollmer 3? m smith Prussia New-York
78 Julie Volz 19 f serv maid Würtemberg New-York
Between Deck:
79 August Friedrichs 33 m miner Hannover New-York
80 Chatarina Friedrichs 29 f Hannover New-York
81 Lina Friedrichs 5 f Hannover New-York
82 Amalia Friedrichs 3 f Hannover New-York
83 Auguste Friedrichs 9m f Hannover New-York
84 Friedrich Heuser 25 m basket maker G. D. Hessen Wisconsin
85 Juliane Elisabeth Heuser 28 f G. D. Hessen Wisconsin
86 Emilie Heuser 6 f G. D. Hessen Wisconsin
87 Elise Heuser 2 f G. D. Hessen Wisconsin
88 Juliane Elisabeth Heuser 2 f G. D. Hessen Wisconsin
89 Maria Jul. Elisab. Conrad 25 f seamstress Saxony New-York
90 Wilhelm Brescher 25 m butcher Saxony New-York
91* Albert Muller 34 m backer Prussia New-York
92 Johann Eschinger 44 m brush-maker Elect Hessen New-York
93 Joh. Georg Schmaff 30 m farmer Bavaria New-York
94 Wilhelm Weick 25 m stockingmaker Baden New-York
95 Magdalena Weick 30 f seam-stress Baden New-York
96 Magdalena Dehlinger 30 f seam-stress Baden New-York
97 Leonhard Dehlinger 18 m shoe-maker Baden New-York
98 Philipine Weick 16 f serv. maid Baden New-York
99 Maria Weick 12 f Baden New-York
100 Christine Weick 7 f Baden New-York
101 Carl Weick 14 m Baden New-York
102 Catharina Dehlinger 30 f Baden New-York
103 Paul Lerbinsky 50 m labourer Prussia Minnesota
104 Christine Lerbinsky 46 f Prussia Minnesota
105 Michael Lerbinsky 7 m Prussia Minnesota
106 Anna Lerbinsky 6 f Prussia Minnesota
107 Carl Pioske 46 m labourer Prussia Minnesota
108 Caroline Pioske 42 f Prussia Minnesota
109 Wilhelm Pioske 7 m Prussia Minnesota
110 Michael Plinsky 30 m labourer Prussia Minnesota
111 Appolonia Plinsky 31 f Prussia Minnesota
112 Johann Plinsky 5 m Prussia Minnesota
113 Alexander Plinsky 9m m Prussia Minnesota
114 Heinrich Ross 18 m wheel-wright Elect. Hessen New-York
115 Heinrich Lauterbach 18 m farmer Elect. Hessen New-York
116* Adam Zullich 19 m farmer Elect. Hessen New-York
117 Heinrich Heidmann 15 m shoemaker Elect. Hessen New-York
118 Emil Vogeler 16 m shoemaker Prussia Baltimore
119* Georg Adam Christ. Lohner 49 m weaver Saxony-Cob. Gotha New-York
120 Johann Zimmermann 29 m wheel-wright Prussia Wisconsin
121 Wilhelmine Zimmermann 27 f Prussia Wisconsin
122 Marie Elise Zimmermann 2m f Prussia Wisconsin
123 Johann Schmidt 6 m Bavaria Wisconsin
124 Johann Schlmidt 34 m weaver Bavaria Wisconsin
125 Magaretha Schmidt 33 f Bavaria Wisconsin
126 Thomas Schmidt 3 m Bavaria Wisconsin
127 Georg Schmidt 10m m Bavaria Wisconsin
128 Gottlieb Teske 27 m labourer Prussia Wisconsin
129 Hennreitte Teske 24 f Prussia Wisconsin
130 Anna Teske 9m f Prussia Wisconsin
131 Ludwig Groeber 35 m shoe-maker Prussia Ohio
132 Christian Wilmes 31 m Locsmith Waldeck Ohio
133 Carl Deicke 20 m Smith Hannover New-York
134 Georg Reiss 17 m tailor Oldenburg New-York
135 Conrad Rose 17 m farmer Hannover New-York
136* Friederike ?linz 28 f Prussia Canada
137* Wilhelmine ?linz 9 f Prussia Canada
138* Maria Anna ?linz 7 f Prussia Canada
139* Johann Wilhelm ?linz 6 m Prussia Canada
140* Andreas Johann ?linz 5 m Prussia Canada
141* Eduard Aug. ?linz 3 m Prussia Canada
142* Emma ?linz 9m f Prussia Canada
143 Caroline Fay 26 f serv. maid Würtemberg New-York
144 Anna Sophia Bohnermann 24 f serv. maid Hannover New-York
145 Heinrich Bohn 35 m joiner Hannover New-York
146 Sophia Bohn 33 f Hannover New-York
147 August Bohn 7 m Hannover New-York
148 Joh. Georg Hagemeyer 58 m farmer Würtemberg New-York
149 Victoria Hagemeyer 50 f Würtemberg New-York
150 Ferdinand Hagemeyer 18 m mason Würtemberg New-York
151 Richard Hagemeyer 15 m Würtemberg New-York
152 Catharina Hagemeyer 13 f Würtemberg New-York
153 Crescentia Hagemeyer 5 f Würtemberg New-York
154 Carl Georg Hagemeyer 2 m Würtemberg New-York
155 Georg Meyer 57 m smith Würtemberg New-York
156 Friederike Meyer 18 f Würtemberg New-York
157 Gustina Raidt 24 f serv maid Würtemberg Pittsbourg
158 Maria Reiter 20 f serv maid Würtemberg Pittsbourg
159 Catharina Engelhardt 24 f serv maid Bavaria Baltimore
160 Wilhelmine Cahle 13 f Bavaria Michigan
161 Johann Hoffmann 30 m farmer Bavaria Ohio
162 Barbara Barb 21 f serv maid Bavaria Ohio
163 Adam Gebauer 52 m shoe-maker Elect. Hessen Jersey
164 Elise Gebauer 56 f Elect. Hessen Jersey
165 Lewine Gebauer 26 f Elect. Hessen Jersey
166 Heinrich Gebauer 18 m shoe-maker Elect. Hessen Jersey
167* Angnes Gebauer 14 f Elect. Hessen Jersey
168 Martin Leopold Gebauer 11 m Elect. Hessen Jersey
169 Georg Sendel 40 m miller Bavaria Pensylvanien
170* Johann Kohler 24 m gardener Bavaria New-York
171* Margaretha Longe 29 f serv maid Bavaria New-York
172 Maria Wesely 24 f serv maid Austria Boston
173 Josepha Rosenfelder 42 f G. D. Baden St. Louis
174 Josepha Rosenfelder 17 f G. D. Baden St. Louis
175 Severin Rosenfelder 15 m G. D. Baden St. Louis
176 Andreas Rosenfelder 4 m G. D. Baden St. Louis
177 Georgine Fischer 17 f serv maid Saxony-Meining. New-York
178 Philipp Malse 21 m labourer G. D. Hessen Ohio
179* Heinrich Ruhmann 22 m labourer G. D. Hessen New-York
180* August Pott 24 m prick-maker Lippe-Detmold New-York
181 Wilhelmine Pott 24 f Lippe-Detmold New-York
182 Louis Feige 27 m tailor Saxony-Weimar New-York
183 Louise Feige 28 f Saxony-Weimar New-York
184 Christiane Feige 9m f Saxony-Weimar New-York
185 Wilhelm Henschke 45 m weaver Saxony New-York
186* Hermann Grunert 31 m miller Saxony-Meiningen Ohio
187* Maria Grunert 28 f Saxony-Meiningen Ohio
188 Elisabeth Schroeder 20 f serv maid Prussia New-York
189* Eduard Buttner 28 m miller Saxony-Meining. New-York
190 Henriette Fentzke 42 f seamstress Prussia Indiana
191 Maria Fentzke 7 f Prussia Indiana
192 Wilhelm Fentzke 4 m Prussia Indiana
193 Anna Goldbeck 67 f Prussia Indiana
194 Franziska Rees 18 f seamstress Baden Philadelphia
195 Maria Kuhl 20 f serv maid Bavaria Philadelphia
196 Johann Lauber 43 m labourer Prussia Baltimore
197 Louise Lauber 37 f Prussia Baltimore
198 Franz Lauber 14 m Prussia Baltimore
199 Heinrich Lauber 7 m Prussia Baltimore
200 Friedrich Lauber 4 m Prussia Baltimore
201 Carl Lauber 12 m Prussia Baltimore
202* Angnes Giebner 28 f seamstress Saxony Weimar Baltimore
203 Adolph Dietz 39 m labourer G. D. Hessen New-York
204 Anna Dietz 24 f G. D. Hessen New-York
205 Margaretha Dietz 2 f G. D. Hessen New-York
206* Johann Munnich 17 m baker Austria New-York
207 Georg Tag 20 m brewer Würtemberg New-York
208 Margaretha Hallenberger 23 f serv maid Elect. Hessen Philadelphia
209 Elisabeth Hallenberger 20 f serv maid Elect. Hessen Philadelphia
210 Johannes Schneider 15 m labourer Elect. Hessen Philadelphia
211 Gottlob Dettinger 27 m labourer Würtemberg New-York
212 Nicolas Hartmann 20 m Loxsmith Würtemberg New-York
213 Gottlieb Friedr. Scheuing 22 m butcher Würtemberg Philadelphia
214 Christiane Elser 23 f serv maid Würtemberg Philadelphia
215 David Wieck 19 m watch maker Würtemberg New-York
216 Elise Strangmann 16 f serv maid Hannover Ohio
217 Johann Forneten 18 m joiner Hannover Ohio
218 Heinrich Gilster 19 m labourer Hannover Ohio
219 Fritz Schroeder 17 m labourer Hannover Ohio
220 Catharina Will 18 f serv maid G. D. Hessen Columbia
221 Margaretha Will 16 f serv maid G. D. Hessen Columbia
222 Andreas Will 14 m G. D. Hessen Columbia
223 Arnold Mayer 18 m rope-maker Hannover New-York
224* Mathias Steiners 41 m weaver Baden Philadelphia
225 Heinrich Gemmer 22 m gardener Elect. Hessen Ohio
226 Christoph Kolp 18 m labourer Elect. Hessen Philadelphia
227 Heinrich Knauf 18 m barker Elect. Hessen Philadelphia
228 Heinrich Kirsch 32 m barber Prussia Baltimore
229 Wilhelmine Konzky 48 f seamstress Prussia Baltimore
230 Johann Forkel 40 m joiner G. D. Hessen New-York
231 Johann Niddar 43 m labourer G. D. Hessen California
232 Georg Krumm 25 m butcher G. D. Hessen New-York
233 Elisabeth Sauer 58 f G. D. Hessen Philadelphia
234 Catharina Sauer 24 f G. D. Hessen Philadelphia
235* Helene Kuhnlein 34 f seamstress Elect. Hessen Philadelphia
236 Friedbert Gahneke 22 m labourer Prussia Wisconsin
237 Wilhelmine Gahneke 20 f Prussia Wisconsin
238 Johann Zollmer 28 m labourer Prussia Wisconsin
239 Friedrich Gentz 62 m labourer Prussia Wisconsin
240 August Gentz 24 m labourer Prussia Wisconsin
241 Friedrich Kahmel 24 m labourer Prussia Wisconsin
242 Friederike Voigt 23 f serv maid Prussia Wisconsin
243 Caroline Heiligstaedt 35 f serv maid Schwarzb. Rudolph New-York
244 Wilhelmine Jaeger 42 f Prussia St. Louis
245 Anna Jaeger 10 f Prussia St. Louis
246 Wilhelmine Bernstein 2 f Prussia St. Louis
247 Emil M. Vosberg 27 m smith Hannover Illinois
248 F. U. Iwwerks 44 m cooper Hannover Illinois
249* Euke Janzen Tellinhuisen 45 m labourer Hannover Illinois
250* Elisabeth Tellinhuisen 46 f Hannover Illinois
251* Johann Tellinghuisen 18 m Hannover Illinois
252* Adreas Tellinghuisen 12 m Hannover Illinois
253* Friederike Tellinghuisen 7 f Hannover Illinois
254* Geeske Tellinghuisen 6 f Hannover Illinois
255* Deever Tellinghuisen 9m f Hannover Illinois
256* Johann E. Tellinghuisen 59 m labourer Hannover Illinois
257* Deever Tellinghuisen 64 f Hannover Illinois
258* Andreas Tellinghuisen 35 m Hannover Illinois
259* Pauline Tellinghuisen 38 f Hannover Illinois
260* Achillt Tellinghuisen 12 f Hannover Illinois
261* Deever Tellinghuisen 6 f Hannover Illinois
262* Johann Pie??el 38 m smith Prussia New-York
263* Therese Pie??el 40 f Prussia New-York
264* Regine Pie??el 16 f Prussia New-York
265* Anna Pie??el 8 f Prussia New-York
266* Marie Pie??el 6 f Prussia New-York
267* Regine Pie??el 2 f Prussia New-York
268 Heinrich Winter 38 m butcher Prussia Baltimore
269 Carl Richter 22 m miner Prussia New-York
270 Andreas Mayer 50 m labourer Hannover Ohio
271 Gottfried Pockrandt 44 m farmer Prussia Wisconsin
272 Luise Pockrandt 43 f Prussia Wisconsin
273 Wilhelmine Pockrandt 18 f Prussia Wisconsin
274 Luise Pockrandt 16 f Prussia Wisconsin
275 Henriette Pockrandt 12 f Prussia Wisconsin
276 Auguste Pockrandt 7 f Prussia Wisconsin
277 Maria Pockrandt 4 f Prussia Wisconsin
278 Herrmann Pockrandt 9m m Prussia Wisconsin
279 Michal Bayer 46 m farmer Prussia Wisconsin
280 Charlotte Bayer 41 f Prussia Wisconsin
281 Anna Gehlen 69 f Prussia Wisconsin
282 Auguste Bayer 17 f Prussia Wisconsin
283 Ferdinand Bayer 7 m Prussia Wisconsin
284 Emilie Bayer 6 f Prussia Wisconsin
285 Bertha Bayer 4 f Prussia Wisconsin
286 Gotthilf Schimansky 23 m farmer Prussia Wisconsin
287 Friedrich Imm 52 m farmer Prussia Wisconsin
288 Wilhelmine Imm 45 f Prussia Wisconsin
289 Michael Friedrich Imm 19 m Prussia Wisconsin
290 Carl Imm 17 m Prussia Wisconsin
291 Julius Imm 15 m Prussia Wisconsin
292 Auguste Imm 11 f Prussia Wisconsin
293 Wilhelmine Imm 7 f Prussia Wisconsin
294 Wilhelm Imm 3 m Prussia Wisconsin
295 Nicolaus Schell 52 m farmer Prussia Buffallo
296 Elise Schell 57 f Prussia Buffallo
297 Jacob Schell 16 m Prussia Buffallo
298 Elise Schell 21 f Prussia Buffallo
299 Amalia Schell 12 f Prussia Buffallo
300 Marie Rheingans 25 f serv maid Prussia New-York
301 Peter Fett 16 m shoe-maker Prussia New-York
302 Wilhelm Ernst 23 m nailsmith Prussia Bufalo
303 Heinrich Heidel 23 m tailor Prussia New-York
304* Mathias Flugel 21 m barker Prussia Albany
Recapitulation!
I Cabin
3 grown perosns
Steerage
57 grown persons
13 childs from one to eight years
5 babys
Between Deck
178 grown persons
39 childs from one to eight years
9 babys and born a baby 7 July
Between Deck
dead a child ? 26 July
Transcriber's Notes:
* An asterisk indicates an error on the part of the original recorder, not the transcriber,
or is used to call attention to additional information in the passenger notes.
? Indicates a letter or number which could not be determined due to the condition of the
manifest or handwriting of the original recorder.
^ Indicates letters are omitted and the following letter is superscripted.
4-8 Follmer (Föllmer) has an umlauted o. Should the name be Vollmer (Völlmer).
10-11 Tannhauser (Tannhäuser) has an umlauted a.
12 Given name is almost obliterated by damage to the original.
13-15 Tannhauser (Tannhäuser) has an umlauted a.
16 Gopfert (Göpfert) has an umlauted o.
29 Given name probably Heinrich.
58-60 Mohrke (Möhrke) has an umlauted o.
76 Lauberlich (Laüberlich) has an umlauted u.
91 Muller (Müller) has an umlauted u.
116 Zullich (Züllich) has an umlauted u.
119 Lohner (Löhner) has an umlauted o.
136-142 Surname almost obliterated by damage to original. Passenger #141: note in far right
column--dead 26 July
167 Given name more likely Agnes.
170 Kohler (Köhler) has an umlauted o.
171 Surname may be Lange.
179 Ruhmann (Rühmann) has an umlauted u.
180 Occupation likely brickmaker.
186-187 Note in far right column: born a baby female 7 July
189 Buttner (Büttner) has an umlauted u,
202 Given name more likely Agnes.
206 Munnich (Münnick) has an umlauted u.
224 Surname may be Steinert
227 Cannot determine if occupation is backer (baker) or barker (tanner).
235 Kuhnlein (Kühnlein) has an umlauted u.
249-255 Surname should be Tellinghuisen (see spelling for children following/passengers 251-255.
The parents of passenger number #249 can be found in entry #1112 of the Campen, Ostfriesland,
Ortssippenbuch. In the Emigration Database of the OGSA (Ostfriesen Genealogical Society/America)
they are listed as from Manslagt, Ostfriesland.
Given name for passenger #249 should be Euke Janssen.
Maiden name for passenger #250 is Elisabeth Peters van der Werf--also from Manslagt, Ostfriesland.
Given names may for passenger # may 251 be Jan Euken
Given name for passenger #252 should be Andreas.
Given name for passenger #255 should be Dewer (named after her grandmother).
256-257 Given name for passenger #257 should be Dewer.
258-261 Passenger #259, wife of #258, is Pauline Harms Wiltfang from Groothusen, Ostfriesland.
Given name for passenger # 261 should be Dewer.
262-267 Surname seems to be something like Pietsel or Piepel.
304 Flugel (Flügel) has an umlauted u. Cannot determine if occupation is backer (baker) or barker (tanner).
National Archives and Records Administration, Film M237, Reel 231, List 795.
Transcribed by Gene Janssen a member of the
Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild
12 November 2010
We strive to make your search productive. If you don't find the passenger list you are looking
for on our site, please consider a subscription to Ancestry.com. There, you can locate your
ancestors ship, passenger list, view and save a copy of the original list. You can also access
census data and death records to help you in your search. Census records, and in particular
the 1930 census, is one of the most easily used tools for beginners and seasoned genealogists alike.
Ancestry.com is the only place where all census years are easily searchable.
The new ISTG logo was created by Patty MacFarlane, 2007.
The old Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild logo, which is still used in part on this site, was designed and contributed by Pat Walker and Sheila Tate.
Copyrights, Trade Marks, & Registered Trade Marks within this web site are protected under international copyright law.All rights reserved by the respective holders of any ™ © ® included within this site. 1998-2012